This page retains existing categories and links from the old PIN and includes additional links as well. This is far from an exhaustive list but rather can serve as a starting point for fact-finding and research ideas. There is some overlap among categories. Please contact us if you have suggestions for this page.
Please also visit Primate Fact Sheets and Resources/Select a Primate to learn more about behavior and ecology in different primate species.
See also Primate Anatomy, An Introduction. (Book). Third edition 2007.
Auditory System
Primate Ear (American Association for Anatomy)
Dental and Oral Structures
Teeth and Jaws (gorilla, Australopithecus and man, talkorigins.org)
Dermatoglyphics
Do other primates, such as apes, chimps, and monkeys, also have fingerprints? (animals.mom.com)
Digestive System
Quantitative Analysis of Gut Morphology in Primates and Humans (beyondveg.com)
Musculoskeletal System (mostly crania)
- Chimpanzee Skull (talkorigins.org)
- Homo sapiens, Chimpanzees and the Enigma of Language (bone structure and language, Frontiers in Neuroscience)
- Cranial Sketches (talkorigins.org)
- Human Evolution – Hominid Skulls (Australian Museum)
- A study of skull growth and tooth emergence reveals that timing is everything (ASU News)
- Digimorph – Primates
- Smithsonian – Hominin Fossils
- D’Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum 3D – Chimpanzee Skull
- Bone Clones, Inc.
- Skull gallery (rafael.glendale.edu)
- Eskeletons project (eskeletons.org)
- Gibbon and other ape skulls (Gibbon Research Lab)
- From bones to bodies, with Dr. Adrienne Zihlman
- Apes vs.Hominin Skeletons (pathwayz.org)
- Gorilla and chimpanzee skulls
- Cranial characteristics of gorillas and chimpanzees (Nature article)
- Image of the day: Brains and brain cases (The Scientist)
- Gorilla kkull (talkorgins.org)
- Dian Fossey’s gorilla skulls are scientific treasures and a symbol of her fight (Smithsonian)
- Skull of the Month – gorilla (Beautifully Bony)
- Primate skull pictures with mandible (over 50 species)
- Our Primate Origins: Anatomy of the Skull (Smithsonian)
Primate Anatomy
- Primate modularity and evolution: first anatomical network analysis of primate head and neck musculoskeletal system (Scientific Reports)
- The First Primates (Palomar College)
- Primate Anatomy: An Introduction (Journal of Mammology)
- Primate Comparative Anatomy (Johns Hopkins)
- Primate Anatomy (ScienceDirect)
- Bipedalism
- Finding Lucy (pbs.org)
- How bipedalism arose (pbs.org)
- The transforming leap, from four legs to two (pbs.org)
Nervous System
- Brain Atlas Database of Japanese Monkey for WWW
- Brain Facts and Figures
- Brain Facts and Figures (University of Washington)
- Chimpanzee Brain Facts (chimpanzee.org)
- The human brain in numbers: A linearly scaled-up primate brain (Frontiers in Neuroscience)
- Mouse Lemur Brain
- Digital templates and brain atlas dataset for the mouse lemur primate (Data in Brief)
- Mouse lemur microscopic MRI brain atlas (Neuroimage)
- Comparative 3D anatomy of the prosimian brain: DTI and histological studies (Brown University and others)
- CoCoMac (Collations of connectivity data on the macaque brain)
- Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections
- Comparative Primate Anatomy
- Denny-Brown Research Collection
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of the Visuo-Motor Systems (Università di Bologna)
- Macaca Atlas data Sets
- Macaque (Neuromaps atlas)
- NMI macaque atlas
- Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans (American Physiological Society; 2008; PPT)
- Monkey Atlas (Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (UCLA)
- Primate Brain Bank
- A diffusion tensor MRI atlas of the postmortem rhesus macaque brain (Neuroimage)
- PET studies in nonhuman primate models of cocaine abuse: Translational research related to vulnerability and neuroadaptations (Neuropharmacology)
- Stereotaxic MRI Brain Atlas of Monkey (Nihon University)
- Template Atlas of the Primate Brain (University of Washington)
- Translating Time Across Developing Mammalian Brains (University of Arkansas at Little Rock)
Reproductive System
- Primate Menstrual Cycle (Center for Academic Research & Training in Anthropogeny)
- Comparative Placentation (University of California, San Diego)
- Male and female breeding strategies in a cooperative primate (Behav Processes, breeding strategies in marmosets)
- Reproductive Biology of the Great Apes (ScienceDirect)
Visual System (Eye)
- Retina Refence by Lance Hahn (University of Pennsylvania)
- A simpler primate brain: the visual system of the marmoset monkey (Front. Neural Circuits)
- The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach (Wiley Online Library)
- Responses in primate visual cortex during natural viewing (MIT)
Weights and Measures
- Genetics and caging type affect birth weight in captive pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) (Am J Primatol)
- Complex learning by low-birth-weight and normal-birth-weight juvenile pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) (Dev Psychol)
- Determining overweight and underweight with a new weight-for-height index in captive group-housed macaques (Am J Primatol; long-tailed and rhesus macaques)
- Determination of body surface area in the rhesus monkey (J Appl Physiol)
- Average weights of monkeys (University of Houston, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques)
- Growth trajectory evident at birth affects age of first delivery in female monkeys (Pediatr Res, rhesus macaque)
- Relations among birth condition, maternal condition, and postnatal growth in captive common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) (Am J Primatol)
- Womb to womb: Maternal litter size and birth weight but not adult characteristics predict early neonatal death of offspring in the common marmoset monkey (PLOS One)
Page updates by Casey Ostheimer, WNPRC outreach intern, February 2022.