BEHAVIOR |
CODE |
DEFINITION |
Agonism |
Tufts-flick |
TF |
rapid back-and-forth movement of ear tufts |
Frown |
FR |
lower eyebrows, furl brow, and turn down corners of mouth while staring |
Cuff |
CU |
swift, superficial blow or scratch performed aggressively |
Chase |
CH |
pursue partner, with one or both animals exhibiting aggression and/or submission (not play) |
Fight |
FI |
grapple aggressively with partner(s), involving biting, clawing, and wrestling |
Attack |
AT |
lunge at or pounce on partner aggressively; may or may not result in fight |
Snap bite |
SB |
direct a single short, sharp bite at partner |
Submit |
SU |
flatten ear tufts and/or facial grimace (partially open mouth with corners of mouth retracted, exposing lower and sometimes upper teeth) and/or slit eyes (eyelids half closed) |
Continuous submit |
CS |
continuous submit; start scoring after 5 sec |
Retreat |
RE |
starting from a stationary position, move at lest one body length away from another animal within 1 sec of the other animal establishing proximity (within 10 cm) |
|
|
|
Play |
Play |
PL |
two or more animals lunge, grapple, wrestle or chase for at lest 1 sec in absence of aggression or intense submission; play face may or may not be present |
Solicit play |
SP |
direct play face toward, pounce on, or initiate grapple with partner, in absence of ongoing play with partner |
Play face |
PF |
open mouth without retraction of the lips |
Join play |
JP |
join ongoing play bout between two or more partners |
End play |
EP |
discontinue all social play for _> 3 sec |
Social play |
SO |
social interactions involving non-aggressive physical contact with other individuals; high activity |
|
|
|
Infant-associated behaviors |
Climb on |
ON |
climb onto any part of partner’s body so that all four limbs are on partner |
Solicit climb on |
SC |
position body directly above infant and/or pull infant onto body; may or may not result in infant climbing onto partner’s body |
Climb off |
OF |
voluntary climb off partner’s body after having all four limbs on partner |
Push off/reject |
PO |
prevent juvenile from climbing onto body, or rub or otherwise force juvenile off body |
Nurse |
NU |
have mouth on female’s nipple for _> 1 sec |
End nursing |
EN |
discontinue nursing posture |
|
|
|
Other social behaviors |
Sniff/nuzzle |
SN |
orient face against or toward partner, excluding anogenital region |
Anogenital inspect |
AI |
orient face against or toward anogenital region of partner, or use hands or mouth to investigate anogenital region of partner; includes anogenital groom |
Groom |
GR |
use hands and/or mouth to pick through fur and/or mouth of partner, excluding anogenital region |
Sexual solicit |
SS |
stare at partner with ear tufts flattened and eyes slit |
Mount |
MO |
climb on partner’s back from behind and grip partner around waist and legs; may be accompanied by pelvic thrusting |
Initiate huddle |
IH |
establish passive, torso-torso body contact with partner, with both animals remaining stationary and in passive contact for at least 3 sec |
Leave huddle |
LH |
terminate huddle after at least 3 sec of passive, torso-torso body contact during which both partners remained stationary |
Object steal |
OS |
take any non-food object from hands or mouth of partner |
Attempt object steal |
AO |
attempt but fail to take non-food object from hands or mouth of partner |
|
|
|
Food-associated behaviors |
Food steal |
ST |
take any food from hands or mouth of partner |
Attempt food steal |
AF |
attempt but fail to take food from hands or mouth of partner |
Share food |
SH |
eat from a food source from which partner is simultaneously eating or occupying without removing any food from partner’s mouth or hands |
New food |
NF |
eat from a food source which no other animal is currently holding, eating from, or occupying |
|
|
|
Individual behaviors |
Bristle strut |
BS |
arching posture and/or strut locomotion and/or general Piloerection |
Scentmark |
SM |
rub or drag anogenital, suprapubic, or sternal region along substrate, object, or partner |
Genital present |
GP |
raise tail to expose genitals |
Object manipulation |
OM |
sniff, bite, chew, gouge, handle, pounce on, grapple with, or otherwise manipulate inanimate object, excluding food items and water bottle, for at least 1 sec |